Best. Title. Ever!
by KrauzeMathematician Stephen Wolfram's A New Kind of Science is devoted to self-organization and complexity theory, or how simple rules can have complex results. Physicist Cosma Shalazi didn't like the book. Judging from the title of his review, "A Rare Blend of Monster Raving Egomania and Utter Batshit Insanity", he really didn't like the book. Here's what he has to say about Wolfram's grasp of biology:
Wolfram displays absolutely no understanding of evolution, or what would be necessary to explain the adaptation of organisms to their environments. This is related to his peculiar views on methodology. If you want to get a rough grasp of how the leopard might get its spots, then building a CA model (or something similar) can be very illuminating. It will not tell you whether that's actually how it works. This is an important example, because there is a classic theory of biological pattern formation, or morphogenesis, first formulated by Turing in the 1950s, which lends itself very easily to modeling in CAs, and with a little fine-tuning produces things which look like animal coats, butterfly wings, etc., etc. The problem is that there is absolutely no reason to think that's how those patterns actually form; no one has identified even a single pair of Turing morphogens, despite decades of searching. Indeed, the more the biologists unraveling the actual mechanisms of morphogenesis, the more complicated and inelegant (but reliable) it looks. If, however, you think you have explained why leopards are spotted after coming up with a toy model that produces spots, it will not occur to you to ask why leopards have spots but polar bears do not, which is to say that you will simply be blind to the whole problem of biological adaptation.
Come think of it, that's a criticism that applies to many evolutionary computer simulations as well (Avida, anyone?).
(HT: Stranger Fruit)

























July 30th, 2006 at 7:34 am
Wow Krauze, congratulations on the first 'opening a can of worms' award. Or is it 'a can of whoop ass' I can never tell.
Comment by Guts — July 30, 2006 @ 7:34 am
July 30th, 2006 at 12:04 pm
Can of worms indeed. Shalazi reminds us of the true state of ID and teleology:
Boy, does all of that sound familiar, or what!?
Comment by Art — July 30, 2006 @ 12:04 pm
July 30th, 2006 at 1:36 pm
Hi Art,
"Shalazi reminds us of the true state of ID and teleology:"
No, Shalazi reminds us of the sociological nature of science. There's more to science than just making observations and developing hypotheses to explain them; you also need a social network to bounce your ideas off, get pointers to new data, and make sure your articles get published. And we all know how tribal humans are - anyone who went to high school know this. Scientists are no different than other people, and so it's no surprise that scientific networks have certain tribal qualities, with customs and stereotypes playing a large role. The extent to which the scientific community is enslaved to the "ID = dangerous nonsense" meme has been explored on this blog nummerous times, so we'll skip this.
A similar list is Robert L. Park's "The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science", which, unlike Shermer's list, makes the following, very reasonable, point:
Comment by Krauze — July 30, 2006 @ 1:36 pm
July 30th, 2006 at 7:38 pm
[...] Telic Thoughts on a Wolfram review [...]
Pingback by Darwiniana » A new kind of science…. — July 30, 2006 @ 7:38 pm
July 31st, 2006 at 3:21 am
On the other hand, if someone claims that leopard spots could not possibly have arisen without intelligent intervention, then a CA model that produced them would certainly be of interest. Not as a detailed model of the actual process by which they came about, mind you, but as an existence proof.
In the same way, Avida is of value not as a detailed model of biological reality, but as an abstract demonstration of the characteristics of Darwinian processes, including their ability to produce irreducible complexity.
In any case, Avida is certainly not "blind to the whole problem of biological adaptation", modelling as it does the essential components of a Darwinian process: replication, heritable variation, and selection.
Comment by keiths — July 31, 2006 @ 3:21 am
July 31st, 2006 at 6:54 am
Krauze:
So you don't agree with Shalazi's opinion of Wolfram's work? You have a funny way of getting this across, and I'd bet that most readers didn't get your point.
Comment by Art — July 31, 2006 @ 6:54 am
July 31st, 2006 at 7:16 am
Hi Art,
"So you don't agree with Shalazi's opinion of Wolfram's work? You have a funny way of getting this across, and I'd bet that most readers didn't get your point."
If you will read through the thread again, you will notice that it was you who raised the issue of "crankiness", not me. If there was any point that I wanted readers to get, I would want it to be the one I made in my post. Try reading it.
Comment by Krauze — July 31, 2006 @ 7:16 am
July 31st, 2006 at 7:24 am
Hi Keith,
"On the other hand, if someone claims that leopard spots could not possibly have arisen without intelligent intervention, then a CA model that produced them would certainly be of interest."
That's right, but "it could possible have happened" is about the weakest claim you have made. Mike and I have alway acknowledged that, sure, IC structures could have arises without intelligent intervention; what matters is whether they did. Similarly, an intelligent designer could have planted the bacterial flagellum, but that doesn't mean that this actually happened.
"In any case, Avida is certainly not "blind to the whole problem of biological adaptation", modelling as it does the essential components of a Darwinian process: replication, heritable variation, and selection."
True; this part of Shalazi's critique doesn't apply to Avida.
Comment by Krauze — July 31, 2006 @ 7:24 am